Hepatic Cancer Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

!±8± Hepatic Cancer Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

Hepatic is a term used by medical professionals for issues related to the liver. Therefore, hepatic cancer is another name for liver cancer. Hepatic cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer.

The causes of most cases of hepatic cancer are unknown, but some cases appear to be connected other liver problems such as hepatitis. Interestingly, hepatic cancer often doesn't start in the liver. It spreads to the liver from other diseased organs through a process known as metastasis. But there are four different kinds of primary hepatic cancer, or cancer that starts in the liver itself.

Hepatocellular carcinoma, which begins with the hepatocytes, the main type of liver cells. This form of hepatic cancer is often referred to by its initials: HCC.

Cholangiocarcinoma is another type. Cholangiocarcinoma originates in tiny bile ducts inside the liver. This type is also known as bile duct cancer.

Hepatoblastoma is a rare form that strikes children less than 4 years of age. Although the diagnosis is often frightening to parents, hepatoblastoma can usually be treated successfully.

The fourth type of primary hepatic cancer is angiosarcoma or hemangiosarcoma, a rare type that starts in the liver's blood vessels.

There are usually no symptoms of hepatic cancer in the early stages of the disease. But in the later stages, the following symptoms are likely to appear.

pain in the upper abdomen, possibly accompanied by swelling in the area tiring easily and a general feeling of weakness lack of desire to eat along with a noticeable weight loss nausea and vomiting

Jaundice may also appear. Jaundice is a condition in which the skin and the whites of the eyes begin to look yellow. This disorder is sometimes called yellow jaundice. The liver is also likely to become enlarged.

To treat hepatic cancer, the doctor must determine the stage the disease has reached. Age and general state of health are also important. Eliminating the cancer completely will be a priority. If this is impractical, the goal then becomes limiting its growth and keeping it from spreading. The doctor will also look for ways to relieve pain and discomfort caused by symptoms.

Treatment options include surgery, with the goal of removing the diseased section of the liver. This is usually done when liver function is still good, the tumor is small, and cancerous cells haven't spread to nearby tissues or organs. This type of operation is known as a partial hepatectomy.

A liver transplant is also an option. In this procedure, the diseased liver is removed and replaced with a healthy liver from a donor.

Another treatment option involves killing cancer cells with extreme cold or heat. This is a relatively recent technological advance.

Alcohol injection is another recent development in the treatment of cancer. This procedure is done by injecting pure alcohol directly into a tumor. This may dry out the cancer cells and eventually kill them.

Targeted drug therapy can be used to limit the tumor's ability to generate blood vessels. This is another promising recent advance and more research is necessary.

Of course, there's also radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Most people are familiar with these forms of treatment. Both of these treatment options, unfortunately, can have serious side effects.

Hepatic cancer strikes nearly 25,000 individuals each year in the United States alone. The disease results in approximately 18,000 deaths. Hepatic cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men, and ninth among women. As with all other forms of cancer, early detection offers the most hope for long term survival.

Hepatic Cancer Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

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Skin Cancer - Types, Risks, Symptoms And Treatment

!±8± Skin Cancer - Types, Risks, Symptoms And Treatment

Obviously, the topmost layers of the skin are the first to be affected; the three major types of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma (rodent ulcer), squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, all develop in the upper layer of the skin known as the epidermis. Basal cell carcinoma, the most frequent of the three, causes local erosions of tissue if neglected, while squamous cell carcinoma may spread if untreated. Fortunately, both these types can be successfully treated in nearly all cases. Squamous cell carcinoma sometimes occurs on the vulva in women after menopause and may be more difficult to deal with.

Melanoma, the least common of the three, occurs more frequently in sunny countries. Although a certain amount of sun on the skin is beneficial because it forms vitamin D, too much is dangerous. The danger has increased now that high levels of ultraviolet A radiation are reaching the earth's surface from the sun due to depletion of the ozone layer by flurocarbon chemicals from widespread use of spray cans. Melanomas are the most serious of the three skin cancers, once it starts to grow, it can spread rapidly. If detected and treated early enough, melanomas may be cured in about 75 per cent of cases.

The lighter your skin and eye colour, the more easily you will sunburn and the more likely you are to develop skin cancer. This likelihood increases with exposure to sunlight over both short periods - sunbathing on the beach to a point of, say, blistering - and long periods - pursuing an occupation, such as farming, in which many activities take place outdoors. Even moderate sunbathing after summer increases the odds that you will get skin cancer. The damage to the cells accumulates over time, so that people in their middle or later years are more likely to develop the disease.

The simplest way to avoid skin cancer is to reduce the exposure of you skin to the sun's cancer causing rays. Protect you skin by limiting your time in the sun and wear full clothing, those parts of the skin that are still exposed apply a good quality sunscreen to. The chemical composition of sunscreens block most of the sun's harmful rays.

Basal and squamous cell cancers have similar symptoms, while melanomas have their own special set of warning signs. What all skin cancers have in common, however, is change. That is what you should be on the lookout for. Basal and squamous cell cancers may start out small, rough patches of skin that are redder or paler that the surrounding skin. They can also start as tiny lumps or as small sores that bleed easily and seem to heal very slowly or not at all. If left untreated these tiny spots will soon grow and spread to surrounding tissue. Melanoma usually indicates its presence by altering the colour or appearance of a mole. Since melanoma involves cells that produce brown or black pigments, you should be aware of changes in dark spots or patches or moles and be on the lookout for new moles, moles that bleed, or any dark spot, new or old that changes colour, shape or size. Melanomas can be cured if treated in its early stage; those that go untreated may spread to other parts of the body, where they may attack vital organs.

Since skin cancer grows on the surface of the body, the first step in diagnosing them involves visual examination by a dermatologist. An experienced dermatologist can often determine whether a growth on the skin is or is not cancerous just by looking at it. If he suspects skin cancer he will remove a small sample and send it to a laboratory for examination under a microscope. There a pathologist will determine if the cells are skin cancer forming cells. If the samples reveal skin cancer, the dermatologist will remove the growth in one of a number of ways. Certain pre-cancerous skin problems may be treated by the application of a skin lotion containing anticancer drugs. In the case of basal or squamous cell cancer at an early stage, doctors remove the growth either surgically with a knife or by freezing it with liquid nitrogen. Melanomas, which are potentially more dangerous, are nearly always removed surgically together with surrounding tissue. Remember if the melanoma spreads to other parts of the body, other kinds of treatment such as chemotherapy - may be required. Radiotherapy, unfortunately, does not seem to be effective in treating melanoma. The key to treat this type of skin cancer is early detection.

Skin Cancer - Types, Risks, Symptoms And Treatment

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Overview of Symptoms Associated With Pancreatic Cancer

!±8± Overview of Symptoms Associated With Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer symptoms are often difficult to detect, making it even harder to diagnose this potentially deadly disease. It's important to remember that many of the indicators will not present themselves until after the disease is in an advanced stage. Keep reading for a list of possible signs.

Stomach Pains

Among the basic pancreatic cancer symptoms is a soreness or pain in the high abdomen. Patients often complain that the pain spreads through the area and around to their back. Many people going through this type of discomfort will often experience alleviation once they lean forward.

This type of abdomen pain is usually present in the majority of patients (approximately 80%), but is typically only evident during the advance stages of the disease. Eating can often worsen the pain or cause increased discomfort.

Loss of Appetite

Weight loss and a decreased appetite are often typical symptoms affiliated with pancreatic cancer. Regrettably, these are also common signs often associated with other afflictions and diseases, particular those affecting the digestive system.

Painful or Painless Jaundice

Since pancreatic cancer can block the bile duct - which flows partly through the head of the pancreas - jaundice is a frequent symptom of the disease. Tumors that develop on the pancreas are typically the root of jaundice development, which is characterized by a yellowing of the skin.

Typically, jaundice for patients with pancreatic cancer is accompanied by dark urine and pruritus, or itching. Approximately half of pancreatic cancer patients with local forms of the disease experience painful jaundice while the other half with a curable or resectable lesion experience painless yellowing of the skin.

Trusseau Sign (Blood Clots)

Trusseau Sign is a secondary affliction that causes grumes or blood clots to develop in hepatic portal veins, abstruse veins and surface veins without warning. While not exclusive to patients with pancreatic cancer, it is often associated with the disease.

Depression

Though not as exhaustively accounted or referenced, depression is a subtle side effect of pancreatic cancer. The clinical depression often develops even before the disease is detected. Doctors and researchers are still unsure why or how the two connect.

How Pancreatic Cancer is Diagnosed

Pancreatic cancer is typically diagnosed after the above symptoms are either detected by the patient or the supervising doctor. After the indicators are evaluated, liver function tests and tests for CA19-9 - a marker for pancreatic cancer - are often performed.

CT scans and ultrasounds are other common methods of detecting pancreatic cancer and used to detect visible tumors or lesions. An endoscopic ultrasound or biopsy can also be used to obtain and test tissue samples.

Pancreatic Cancer Screening

If you have two or more immediate family members (or three or more extended relatives) who have been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer symptoms, you should ask your doctor about early screening for the disease. Pancreatic cancer symptoms often don't present themselves until it is too late, making early screening critical for those at risk.

Overview of Symptoms Associated With Pancreatic Cancer

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First Signs of Skin Cancer - Early Warnings

!±8± First Signs of Skin Cancer - Early Warnings

Skin cancer, a disease in which cells lose the ability to grow in normal healthy ways, is a rising concern for many people. Every year, 1.3 million American people are diagnosed with some kind of skin cancer, and almost half of everyone in the country will have had some form of skin cancer by the time they are 65. It seems like a bleak picture, but the good news is that modern medical technology can cure almost every known form of skin cancer as long as it is detected early and given the proper treatment, which means that knowing the first signs of skin cancer and being aware of the symptoms can save millions from this disease.

Skin cancer often takes the form of a sore or a pimple that won't heal, typically appearing as an abnormal growth on the skin. The first sign of skin cancer is if these sores or growths either appear out of nowhere, or significantly alter their shape. They might also ooze fluid or crust and scab over, and will simply not heal over or reduce in size, regardless of over-the-counter treatment. The growths might change in size or color, marking them as an area for concern, you should tell your doctor anytime that you develop a new growth on the skin, or a mole, sore, or other spot on the skin significantly changes in size or shape. The outward signs of skin cancer usually appear on parts of the body that are most often exposed to the sun, such as the v-shaped area of the chest, the face, the neck, and the upper back. Remember that only a doctor can tell if a skin growth is benign or cancerous.

Something that's important to know while you're looking for the first signs of skin cancer is how to do a self-examination and see if there is anything that you need to ask your doctor about. You can give yourself a regular check-over for any new growths or to monitor if one might be changing, to look for sores or moles. In particular, you want to look for signs of melanoma, the most malignant and dangerous forms of cancer. To look for melanoma, you want to look for things like the growth being asymmetrical, where one side has a different shape than the other. When the growth has scalloped or uneven edges or has more than one color is another sign of a possible melanoma, they may be black, have colored specks in them, or be shades of brown. Also, if the size measured edge to edge is bigger than a pencil eraser on a new growth, it could be a melanoma.

Skin cancer can be a frightening thing, however it is almost always extremely treatable and can be cured with a minimum of damage to the body if it is discovered early enough. Doctors and medical associations constantly stress the importance of knowing the first signs of skin cancer and being able to check yourself for melanomas, and now, you can.

First Signs of Skin Cancer - Early Warnings

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